Chapter 17: Acids and Bases

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Chapter Objectives

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  1. Describe the similarities and differences among the Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis theories of acids and bases.

  2. Identify Bronsted-Lowry conjugate acids and bases; write equations of acid-base reactions.

  3. Identify Lewis acid-base reactions and write equations for acid-base reactions that involve them.

  4. Explain what self-ionization (or autoionization) is and describe the nature of the proton in aqueous solution.

  5. Calculate ionic concentrations in solutions of strong electrolytes, and relate [H3O+] and [OH-] through Kw

  6. Given a value of any one of [H3O+], [OH-], pH, and pOH, be able to compute values of the other three.

  7. Identify a weak acid or base, write a chemical equation to represent its ionization, and set up its ionization constant expression.

  8. Calculate one of Ka, [H3O+], or the molarity of a weak acid, given the other two (and perform similar calculations for a weak base). Know how to simplify these calculations by making suitable approximations.

  9. Describe the ionization of a polyprotic acid in aqueous solution and calculate the concentrations of the different species present in such a solution.

  10. Predict which ions hydrolyze and whether salt solutions are acidic, basic, or neutral.

  11. Calculate values of Ka for cations and Kb for anions from ionization constants of their conjugates and Kw of water, and calculate the pH values of salt solutions in which hydrolysis occurs.

  12. Define what an oxoacid is and predict the relative strengths of oxoacids from their molecular structures.

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